In this paper, a new guidance law is designed to improve the performance of a homing missiles guidance system in terminal phase. For this purpose first of all, the two dimensions equations of motion are formulated, then the approximation dynamic of missile Control Loop is added to these equations which are nonlinear whit unmatched uncertainty. Then, a new adaptive back-stepping method is developed in order to Control this system. An adaptive term is used in the Control law that is converged to the uncertainty. This convergence is proved based on Lyapunov stability theorem. Therefore using this adaptive term in the Control law can be eliminated the uncertainty. Based on this algorithm, a new guidance law is designed. Then its performance is compared with common guidance laws in a guidance Loop simulation in the presence of Control Loop Dynamics.

Double-to single-Loop pattern transition and a significant reduction in the power number with a decrease in the clearance of the Rushton turbine impeller in a baffled reactor was elucidated in earlier research works. The present work investigates the physical reasons behind these phenomena using the computational fluid Dynamics approach. The Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes equations with standard turbulence model closure were used to model the turbulent flow conditions in the reactor vessels. The Multiple Reference Frame (MRF) approach was adopted to model the impeller baffle interactions in the reactor vessels. The implicit Volume of Fluid (VOF) method was employed to simulate the aeration process in the reactor configurations considered. The development of a low pressure region below the impeller of a low clearance vessel deflects the discharge streams downward, leading to the formation of a single-Loop pattern. The downward movement of the discharge streams reduces the vortex activity behind the impeller blades, leading to weaker form drag and a decrease in the power number of the impeller. Similarly, a high clearance vessel provides a low pressure region above the impeller which deflects the discharge streams above the impeller, resulting in a single-Loop pattern and a considerable increase in the air entrainment due to superior vortex and turbulence activity present near the free liquid surface. The standard reactor vessel was found to provide superior bulk mixing of fluid as the overall turbulent dissipation rate is 35% more than that associated with low and high clearance vessels.

Background: Different automated systems have been developed to improve the maintenance of target range of arterial oxygen saturation (SPO2) in premature infants with respiratory distress. Objectives: This study aimed to develop a remote closed-Loop automatic oxygen Control (RCLAC) as an efficient monitoring device. Then the means of the fraction of inspired oxygen (FIO2) and SPO2 by routine manual Control (RMC) and RCLAC were compared. Methods: A developmental-descriptive study was carried out in an Iranian hospital (Tehran, Iran,2015-2017). Twenty-two preterm infants with gestational age 24-28 weeks entered the study. A database was prepared based on pulse oximeter parameters. A Wi-Fi module was implemented to receive data from a pulse oximeter and send inputs to the user’, s mobile. Vibrate alarm was implemented for high or low FIO2. After receiving notifications associated with an increase or decrease of FIO2 levels and user’, s confirmation,the alterations were applied on the ventilator. Results: The mean FIO2 in the RMC system was significantly higher than the RCLAC system (98. 1, 2. 67 vs 79. 5, 16. 03,P = 0. 0001). According to the results, when the SPO2 reached close to target SPO2 range and consequently FIO2 changed (decreased or increased based on target SPO2), heart rate showed a regular beating with a decrease in the numbers. Conclusions: Remote closed-Loop automatic oxygen Control system as a simple device could prevent preterm neonates from sustained hypo-hyperoxemic and arrhythmia episodes. Moreover, by using RCLAC, there was no need for continuous monitoring that may reduce the workload of NICU medical staff. Collecting reliable data and recording information in digital forms were also other benefits. Further studies with larger sample size are strongly suggested.

This paper presents an implementation of open Loop and closed Loop Control of quadratic boost converter (QBC) using PID-Controller. QBC consists of boost converter and fly back converter driven by a single switch. QBC is designed especially for regulating the DC interface between various micro sources and DC-AC inverter to electricity grid. QBC, P, PI and PID-Controller are modeled, compared and evaluated by MATLAB simulation. It has been found that the transient and steady state performance is improved using PID-Controller. This converter achieves high step-up voltage gain with appropriate duty ratio and low voltage stress on the power switch. The simulated open Loop and closed Loop performance is verified experimentally.